Mohammed Fizuli is one of the most outstanding poets and philosophers of the world. His family was from the city Bayat in the heart of Azerbaijan. At the beginning of the XV century some families left Azerbaijan for Iraq and Fizuli’s family was among them. Mohammed Suleiman oghlu Fizuli was born in 1494 in Kerbela. His educated and progressive – minded farther gave him splendid education. During his school years Fizuli began to write lyrical poems. It should be noted that though he was a child he was already famous as a poet. Fizuli concerned himself with social and exact sciences including medicine, philosophy, astronomy and logics. In order to improve his education he traveled to Najaf, Hille and Baghdad. He considered that the poetry is a wall without foundation and it is impossible to rely upon the wall without foundation.
Fizuli also was famous under the names of Movlana Fizuli or Molla Fizuli. The initial ages of his study and creative activities coincide with the period of Safavis reign in Iraq. During this period, which lasted till 1534, Fizuli’s live was comparatively calm and safe. His first poem titled “Benku Bade” was dedicated to Shah Ismail Khatai. Also he wrote some kasids for other Safavi rulers. Beginning from 1534 Fizuli felt the dissatisfaction with his environment. He wrote poems about the feudal stagnation and ignorance. In this period Fizuli wrote such great poems as “Shikayetname” (A book of Complaints), “Leyli ve Mejnun” (Leyli and Mejnun), “Padshahi Mulk” (Padshah’s property), “Anisul Gelb”, “Konul, saddajeye basma ayag, tasbehe el vurma.”
He died as a result of plague in 1556 in Kerbela.
His creative activities lasted for more than 40 years and his poems were written in Azerbaijani, Persian and Arabian languages. Fizuli was the poet who developed and enriched the Azerbaijani language. He created wonderful works in almost all genres. He wrote the Divan in Azerbaijani and Persian languages. His second Divan includes kasids in Azerbaijani, Persian and Arabian languages. “Leyli and Mejnun” is written in a style of lyrical romantic poem; “Banqu Bade”, “Yeddi Jam”(Seven bowls) and “Sohbatul Esmar” are the allegoric poems; “Shikayetname”, “Sahhat ve Maraz” and “Rindu Zahid” are the allegoric socio – philosophical verse works; “Hadisi Erbein” and “Hadiqetus suada” are his translations and “Matlaul Etigat” is а philosopho – scientific work. He wrote not only kasids (43 in Azerbaijani, 30 in Persian and 12 in Arabian languages) and ghazals, but also qite, rubayyat, terkibbend, terchibend, musaddas, mukhammas and murabbe.
Fizuli loved the genre of ghazal very much. He described it as “the flower of the skills garden” and used to talk about difficulty of catching the “deer of ghazal”.
The conception of love in Fizuli lyrics has associative and spiritual–hyperbolic essence. Individual and subjective beginnings are of great significance in his ghazals. There are no limits in dramatic and passionate relationships between lovers. Fizuli shows that social conditions are considered to be serious obstacles for joining of lovers but at the same time his heros’ love is much more higher than society itself and it does not depend on the social rules. The deep sadness, torments of heart and pangs of jealousy are the main descriptions of the psychological condition of hero in his ghazals where unhappy love or lover’s longing are displayed. His conception of love is always mystical - the love is divine and has nothing common with earth. Such divine and extremely passionate love is always on the foreground of Fizuli’s poems.
For Fizuli his lover is a treasury of universe and the real love is the basis of universe. The love is very complex psychological state of heart and mind. The process of harmony and real beauty searching is very closely connected with inner world of a person. Also the “ego” of the hero plays enormous role in his poems – “ego” always must be developed and improved.
Pantheistic philosophy and Sufism occupy a significant role in Fizuli’s ghazals. Moreover they form the philosophical essence of the ghazals.

Fuzuli is one of the greatest Azeri-Turkish poets. His real name is Muhammed Suleiman oglu (poet’s name and patronymic). We know almost nothing of the childhood and early youth of Fuzuli. It is generally considered that he was born app. in 1498 in Kerbela (in the area presently known as Iraq). Fuzuli belonged to the Turkic tribe of Bayat, one of the Turkoman tribes that was scattered in all over the Middle East, Anatolia and the Caucasus from X-XI cc. and which stands in the roots of the Azerbaijanian people. Although Fuzuli’s ancestors were of nomadic origin, Fuzuli’s family had long been town-dwellers. At that time the area where Fuzuli lived was a part of the Azerbaijanian Safavid State headed by the leader of the Turkoman Shiites Shah Ismayil Safavi. When young Fuzuli devoted a poem to Shah Ismayil named Bang-u-Badeh, where he praised his reigning.

Fuzuli was a versatile and learned man, and was both ambitious to possess these qualities, and proud in possessing them. He wrote: "…I am master of all the arts in discussing beauty of expression and in disputing agreeableness of style with those who are masters of one art only. Well, all this demonstrates the total "presumption" ("fuzuli" in Arabic), but also the perfection of Fuzuli". Thus, the poet explains his nom de plume, which literally means presumptuous, but which also brings to mind fuzul, the plural of fazl meaning "virtue". He chose this pseudonym in order not to be confused with others and be "unique". He was sure that because of its unpleasant meaning nobody else would adopt it.

Fuzuli had left us writings in Azeri (Turkish), Persian and Arabic. This trilingualism was not rare among the Turkic writers of the medieval period and is explainable by their cultural formulation, which was based, in fact, on Arabic religious and scientific tradition and on Persian literary tradition. In Fuzuli’s case the use of the three languages was conditioned also by his particular environment, because all three tongues were in use in Iraq, which as known from history was in XVI c. first a part of the Safavid State and later in 1534 became a part of the Ottoman Empire. The ability to write in more than one language was one of the things of which Fuzuli was most proud and one of his favorite habits was to use two or three languages alternately in same of his poetry or prose. Fuzuli wrote in Azeri Turkish not only by the fact that it was his mother tongue but also by political circumstances. Shah Ismayil Safavi, who conquered Baghdad in 1508, has left us a divan in Azeri Turkish. After the Ottoman conquest of Baghdad Turkish literature acquired even greater importance in this region. Fuzuli expressed Turkish prestige in words, which at that time was not exaggerated, "the high ranking of Turks constitute a large part of world order and a numerous category of the human species…". Nevertheless, he complains that to write "delicate" verse in Turkish rather than in Persian is difficult because the Turkish language is hard to be put in lines, since the words are mostly without connection and lacking harmony. Therefore, the language of the Fuzuli’s poems are extremely persianized. Today a Turk in Azerbaijan or in Turkey could not read many of his works without the help of dictionary. However, Fuzuli’s fame rests mainly on his work in Azeri-Turkish and his masterpiece world-wide famous poem "Leili and Mejnun" is written in Azeri-Turkish too.

Fuzuli lived in constant need, which we know from his numerous poetic complaints. The great poet died of cholera in Kerbela in 1556.